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= Opuntia engelmannii var. cyclodes Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow
Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 291 1856
Accepted Scientific Name: Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm.
Cact. Hort. Dyck. (1849) Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6(2): 207 (-208). 1850 [Jan 1850] et: Cact. Hort. Dyck. (1849). 1849: 235. 1850 [Apr 1850]

A typical areole's armor consists of 1 large, flattened spine 18-45 mm long, plus occasionally one or two additional shorter spines below which are only 8-10 mm long; but some specimens show up to 4 of the larger spines spreading downward and 2 of the lower, shorter ones. All spines are yellow and deflexed (pointing downward).
Origin and Habitat: Northern Texas (Chisos Mountains) and New Mexico (Big Bend to near Anton Chico) and back down to Stein's Pass, where the northern limit passes into Arizona.
Habitat and ecology: Opuntia cyclodesSN|19955]]SN|19955]] occurs in rocky, mountainous locations and in flat, sandy areas where it forms large populations.
Synonyms:
- Opuntia engelmannii var. cyclodes Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow
- Opuntia cyclodes (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Rose
- Opuntia lindheimeri var. cyclodes (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) J.M.Coult.
Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm.
Cact. Hort. Dyck. (1849) Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6(2): 207 (-208). 1850 [Jan 1850] et: Cact. Hort. Dyck. (1849). 1849: 235. 1850 [Apr 1850]
Synonymy: 21
- Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm.
- Opuntia dillei Griffiths
- Opuntia engelmannii var. alta (Griffiths) Weniger
- Opuntia alta Griffiths
- Opuntia engelmannii var. cacanapa (Griffiths & Hare) Weniger
- Opuntia cacanapa Griffiths & Hare
- Opuntia engelmannii var. cyclodes Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow
- Opuntia cyclodes (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Rose
- Opuntia lindheimeri var. cyclodes (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) J.M.Coult.
- Opuntia engelmannii var. discata (Griffiths) C.Z.Nelson
- Opuntia discata Griffiths
- Opuntia phaeacantha var. discata (Griffiths) L.D.Benson & Walk.
- Opuntia engelmannii var. megacarpa (Griffiths) Fosberg
- Opuntia megacarpa Griffiths
- Opuntia occidentalis var. megacarpa (Griffiths) Munz
- Opuntia engelmannii var. subarmata (Griffiths) D.Weniger
- Opuntia lindheimeri var. subarmata (Griffiths) Elizondo & Wehbe
- Opuntia subarmata Griffiths
- Opuntia microcarpa Engelm.
- Opuntia procumbens Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow
- Opuntia tricolor Griffiths
Opuntia engelmannii subs. aciculata (Griffiths) U.Guzmán & Mandujano
Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 18 (11 Oct. 2003). (first published in U.Guzmán et al., Catálogo Cact. Mex.: 179 [May 2003])
Synonymy: 5
- Opuntia engelmannii subs. aciculata (Griffiths) U.Guzmán & Mandujano
- Opuntia aciculata Griffiths
- Opuntia engelmannii var. aciculata (Griffiths) Weniger
- Opuntia lindheimeri var. aciculata (Griffiths) Bravo
- Opuntia aciculata var. orbiculata Backeb.
Opuntia engelmannii var. cuija Griffiths
New Mexico Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 60: 44, pl. 2. 1906
Synonymy: 4
- Opuntia engelmannii var. cuija Griffiths
- Opuntia cuija (Griffiths & Hare) Britton & Rose
- Opuntia lindheimeri var. cuija (Griffiths) L.D.Benson
- Opuntia cantabrigiensis Lynch
Opuntia engelmannii var. dulcis (Engelm.) J.M.Coult. ex K.Schum.
Gesamtbeschr. Kakt. 725 725 1898.
Synonymy: 2
- Opuntia engelmannii var. dulcis (Engelm.) J.M.Coult. ex K.Schum.
- Opuntia lindheimeri var. dulcis (Engelm.) J.M.Coult.
Opuntia engelmannii var. flavescens (Peebles) L.D.Benson
Cacti Ariz. 58 58 1950.
Synonymy: 2
- Opuntia engelmannii var. flavescens (Peebles) L.D.Benson
- Opuntia flavescens Peebles
Opuntia engelmannii var. flavispina (L.D.Benson) B.D.Parfitt & Pinkava
Madroño 35: 348. 1988
Synonymy: 2
- Opuntia engelmannii var. flavispina (L.D.Benson) B.D.Parfitt & Pinkava
- Opuntia phaeacantha var. flavispina L.D.Benson
Opuntia engelmannii var. flexospina (Griffiths) B.D.Parfitt & Pinkava
Madroño 35(4): 348 348 1988
Synonymy: 3
- Opuntia engelmannii var. flexospina (Griffiths) B.D.Parfitt & Pinkava
- Opuntia flexospina Griffiths
- Opuntia strigil var. flexospina (Griffiths) L.D.Benson
Opuntia engelmannii subs. lindheimeri (Engelm.) U.Guzmán & Mandujano
Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 18 (11 Oct. 2003), first published in U.Guzmán et al., Catálogo Cact. Mex.: 179 [May 2003]
Synonymy: 6
- Opuntia engelmannii subs. lindheimeri (Engelm.) U.Guzmán & Mandujano
- Opuntia engelmannii var. lindheimeri (Engelm.) B.D.Parfitt & Pinkava
- Opuntia lindheimeri Engelm.
- Opuntia tardospina Griffiths
- Opuntia cyanella Griffiths
- Opuntia lindheimeri var. lehmannii L.D.Benson
Opuntia engelmannii var. linguiformis (Griffiths) B.D.Parfitt & Pinkava
Madroño 35(4): 347. 1989 [1988 publ. 1989]
Synonymy: 3
- Opuntia engelmannii var. linguiformis (Griffiths) B.D.Parfitt & Pinkava
- Opuntia lindheimeri var. linguiformis (Griffiths) L.D.Benson
- Opuntia linguiformis Griffiths
- Opuntia engelmannii subs. lindheimeri cv. Gomei
- Opuntia gomei Griffiths
- Opuntia lindheimeri cv. Gomei Guiggi
Description: Opuntia engelmanniiSN|19920]]SN|19920]] var. cyclodes (syn: Opuntia cyclodesSN|19920]]SN|19955]]) is a little known species, with sparsely spiny pads, first found by Bigelow near Anton Chico, New Mexico. It was described as a variety of Opuntia engelmanniiSN|19920]]SN|19920]]. The key difference by which Opuntia cyclodesSN|19920]]SN|19955]] was separated, namely the smaller, globose fruit with larger seeds and fewer and shorter spines on the joints, together with a much spreading bushy habit, only 90-150 cm high and usually wider than it is tall, without a well-defined central stem, make the two species visually distinct. However this species has suffered varying fortunes at the hands of later authorities. Today many authors don't recognize and accept Opuntia cyclodesSN|19920]]SN|19955]] as a good species, but as part of Opuntia engelmanniiSN|19920]]SN|19920]], they have dismissed it as perhaps not worthy of even varietal status. In fact there is a mass of herbarium material which seems to connect this with the true Opuntia engelmanniiSN|19955]]SN|19920]].
Stem segments: Orbicular to obovate (rarely oblong) 15-20 cm long, bright green or yellow green, but older ones may be covered with a light pruinose surface.
Areoles: As the species, except never quite as large in maximum size as in some forms, and only 25-30 mm apart. The glochids, except on current growth, usually missing entirely. On older pads areoles show few and very short glochids, if any, but edge areoles, especially at joint's tip, produce some yellow glochids up to 12 mm long.
Spines: More slender than in typical Opuntia engelmanniiSN|19955]]SN|19920]]. Half or almost all areoles may have spines; often there is a single stout, long spine sweeping down from the areole that may be accompanied by 1 or 2 smaller spines, but sometimes up to 6 spines. All spines are deflexed (pointing downward), relatively slender, the current year’s spines are pale yellow or straw-colored with or without red or reddish-brown bases. A typical areole's armour consists of 1 large, flattened spine 18-45 mm long, plus occasionally one or two additional shorter spines below which are only 8-10 mm long; but some specimens show up to 4 of the larger spines spreading downward and 2 of the lower, shorter ones.
Flowers: Smaller than the species, being usually only about 5 cm in diameter and length, with bright orange anthers and 6 or 7 dark green stigma lobes.
Fruits. Smaller than Opuntia engelmanniiSN|19920]]SN|19920]] (only about 2.5 cm in diameter), globose with larger seeds, purplish when fully ripe, but not very juicy and not pleasant to the taste.
Seeds: about 4-4.5 mm in diameter, the largest found in Opuntia engelmanniiSN|19955]]SN|19920]], and with broader rims than is typical for the species.
Chromosome number: Opuntia engelmanniiSN|19920]]SN|19920]] var. cyclodes is exaploid, 2n = 66.
Subspecies, varieties, forms and cultivars of plants belonging to the Opuntia engelmannii group
Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm.: (var. engelmannii) Spines chalky white, yellow when wetted, with dark red-brown extreme bases.
Opuntia engelmannii subs. aciculata (Griffiths) U.Guzmán & Mandujano: has numerous, 3-12 mm long, acicular, spreading, glochids forming a dense cluster, golden yellow from all part of the areoles, persisting for several years. Distribution: South-western USA (Texas ), north-western Mexico.
- Opuntia engelmannii var. cuija Griffiths: endemic to Mexico, in Guanajuato, Hidalgo, San Luis Potos
Opuntia engelmannii var. cyclodes Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow
- Opuntia engelmannii var. dulcis (Engelm.) J.M.Coult. ex K.Schum.
- Opuntia engelmannii var. flavescens (Peebles) L.D.Benson
- Opuntia engelmannii var. flavispina (L.D.Benson) B.D.Parfitt & Pinkava: Spines arching downward near bases. South-central Arizona.
- Opuntia engelmannii var. flexospina (Griffiths) B.D.Parfitt & Pinkava: Spines strongly deflexed. South Texas.
- Opuntia engelmannii subs. lindheimeri (Engelm.) U.Guzmán & Mandujano: Stem segments with spines straight or slightly curving, spreading. It is endemic to U.S. in Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas.
Opuntia engelmannii subs. lindheimeri cv. Gomei: the segments are often scalloped, wavy at margins and more or leas raised at areoles. Origin: near the coast of southern texas, USA.
- Opuntia engelmannii var. linguiformis (Griffiths) B.D.Parfitt & Pinkava: Stem segments becoming very elongate, 2+ times longer than wide, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, often falcate. Distribution: Texas.
Bibliography: Major references and further lectures
1) Del Weniger “Cacti of the Southwest: Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana” University of Texas Press, 1969
2) Del Weniger “Cacti of Texas and Neighboring States: A Field Guide” University of Texas Press, 1984
3) Ellen Schulz Quillin, Robert Runyon “Texas Cacti: A Popular and Scientific Account of the Cacti Native of Texas” Texas Academy of Science, 1930
4) Opuntia Web “Opuntia cyclodes” retrieved 11 March 2016 from <http://opuntiads.com/opuntia-species/opuntia-c-d/opuntdia-cyclodes/>
5) Elmer Ottis Wooton, Paul Carpenter Standley “Flora of New Mexico”, Volume 19
U.S. Government Printing Office, 1915
6) A. Michael Powell, James F. Weedin “Cacti of the Trans-Pecos & Adjacent Areas” Texas Tech University Press, 2004
Cultivation and Propagation: Opuntia engelmanniiSN|19920]]SN|19920]] var. cyclodes is a low maintenance plant that tolerate considerable neglect and will naturalize, it is drought-tolerant; and suitable for xeriscaping. Easy to cultivate outdoor in dry, sandy or gravely, well-drained soils. May be grown in clay soils as long as drainage is good and soils do not remain wet, it is very adaptable both in acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils, but prefers a pH in the range 6 to 7.5. No serious insect or disease problems.
Watering Needs: Outdoors little or no water once established, in the green house irrigate regularly from March to october, keep fairly dry in winter, tolerate dry condition but suffer if exposed to prolonged and severe drought. A position at the base of a south-facing wall or somewhere that can be protected from winter rain is best for this plant, but is however resistant to moisture and rain.
Sun Exposure: Full sun (only), in semi shaded position wont produce many flowers.
Frost hardiness: They are reasonably cold hardy , tolerating temperatures down to -5° to -12° C (USDA: 8-10) depending on clone, they are also quite tolerant of winter wet. (In good drained soils)
Traditional uses: The fruit are edible and the tender joints can be coked as a vegetable. In medicine the plant are used to treat dyspepsia, mumps, swelling and in veterinary it is used to treat bruises. The joints are also a good food for cattle (after burning of spines)
Propagation: Propagated by cuttings of leaf pads at any time in the growing season. (Allow cut surface to callus over before planting).
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